Article 2 declares that Mexico is a pluricultural nation originally based on its Indigenous peoples. It recognizes Indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples and communities, including rights related to self-determination, autonomy, culture, language, community organization, and participation.

This article matters because it connects the Constitution to Mexico’s Indigenous roots and cultural diversity. For exam purposes, associate Article 2 with Indigenous peoples, Afro-Mexican communities, and the pluricultural character of the nation.